Oropouche Virus: Stay Safe and Vaccinated Before You Travel!

As Chikungunya and Dengue virus outbreaks soared to unprecedented levels in the Americas in 2024, a lesser-known virus exhibiting similar symptoms has been on the rise, complicating diagnostic efforts.

Oropouche virus, mainly spread via bites from infected midges, has broadened its geographical presence over the last year, reaching Central America and the Caribbean.

A study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases in December 2024 suggests that as many as 5 million individuals in the Americas may be vulnerable to the virus.

To further complicate diagnosis, Oropouche infections may present clinically similarly to Chikungunya, Dengue, Malaria, and Zika. A reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction test is only conducted following a negative dengue result.

However, once confirmed, there is currently no treatment or preventive vaccine available for Oropouche as of January 2025.

To notify international travelers of this health danger, the U.S. CDC revised its Level 1 – Practice Usual Precautions, Travel Advisory on December 18, 2024. The CDC identifies nine nations that have reported cases of Oropouche.

Moreover, in Brazil, the CDC issued a Level 2 Advisory for Espírito Santo.

In Florida, approximately 103 international travelers have been diagnosed with this illness.

Indicators of Oropouche infection include headache, fever, muscle pain, joint stiffness, nausea, vomiting, chills, or light sensitivity. Severe instances may lead to neuroinvasive illnesses such as meningitis.

Additionally, the CDC states that the Oropouche virus has been detected in semen and may be transmitted through sexual activity.