United States tariffs and Canadian labour market tendencies

Overview of the examine

This examine makes use of information from the Labour Force Survey and the Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours to look at the impacts of tariff-related commerce uncertainty on the Canadian labour market. The traits of jobs and staff most susceptible to U.S. tariffs are explored. Impacts on employment in industries depending on U.S. demand for Canadian exports, as properly as Canadian areas with the next share of jobs in industries depending on U.S. demand, are additionally examined.

• In 2024, the next share of individuals working in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports had a highschool diploma or much less (29.4%), in contrast with different industries (22.5%).
• Jobs in industries depending on U.S. demand are extra prone to be everlasting, full-time positions, with higher-than-average wages. In 2024, workers in industries depending on U.S. demand made, on common, 5.9% extra per hour ($37.08) than these working in different industries ($35.00).
• In the second quarter of 2025, payroll employment in industries depending on U.S. demand was down (-1.9%) from the identical quarter in 2024, whereas employment in all different industries elevated (+0.5%), led by employment development in well being care and social help.
• Of all financial areas, the labour market impacts of commerce disruptions with the United States are most evident in Windsor–Sarnia, the place the unemployment fee rose to 10.0% within the third quarter of 2025. This represents a rise of 1.7 proportion factors yr over yr.
• In the previous yr, the unemployment fee in Canada has usually trended up, whereas it has held regular within the United States. As a end result, the hole between the unemployment charges within the two international locations has widened. As of August 2025, the unemployment fee in Canada (adjusted to U.S. ideas) was 6.0%, 1.7 proportion factors increased than the speed within the United States (4.3%).

Introduction

Canada and the United States share a historic, shut buying and selling relationship that helps hundreds of thousands of jobs throughout the 2 international locations. In early 2025, plans for brand new tariffs on Canadian exports to the United States had been put ahead,^{Note 1} resulting in elevated uncertainty within the Canadian labour market.

In Canada, an estimated 1.9 million individuals—representing 9.3% of complete employment—labored in industries depending on U.S. demand for Canadian exports in 2024.^{Note 2} Workers in these industries might really feel the results of any modifications in U.S. demand extra shortly.

This article examines the traits of the employees who’re most uncovered to U.S. tariffs, in addition to the impacts throughout Canadian areas with the next share of jobs in these industries. In addition, latest tendencies in Canada’s labour market are in contrast with these within the United States.

Most at-risk jobs are in goods-producing industries

Employment depending on U.S. demand for Canadian exports is concentrated in goods-producing industries. These embrace pure sources industries, corresponding to oil and fuel extraction, by which practically three-quarters (73.1%) of jobs are estimated to depend upon cross-border commerce. Most manufacturing industries are additionally susceptible; for instance, in transportation gear manufacturing, 62.5% of jobs are linked to U.S. exports.

Few services-producing industries are depending on exports to the United States. One notable exception is the movement image and sound recording industries, by which half of jobs are estimated to depend upon cross-border commerce (51.6%).

Men comprise three-quarters of these working in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports

Men are extra doubtless than girls to work in goods-producing industries and are, subsequently, extra prone to unfavourable financial impacts associated to tariffs.^{Note 3}

Men comprised about three-quarters—74.3%, or 1.4 million—of the 1.9 million individuals employed in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports.^{Note 4} The share of males in these jobs remained nearly unchanged within the three many years from 1994 to 2024.

In common, girls usually tend to work in services-producing industries, that are much less depending on U.S. demand for exports. Women comprised the remaining one-quarter (25.7%, or about 500,000) of all staff in U.S.-dependent industries.

Across all main age teams, males are extra doubtless than girls to work in industries depending on U.S. demand for Canadian exports (Chart 1).

Data desk for Chart 1

Data desk for chart 1

Table abstract
The info is grouped by Age group (showing as row headers), Men+ and Women+, calculated utilizing p.c items of measure (showing as column headers).

Age group	Men+	Women+
	p.c
Notes: Industries depending on U.S. demand are outlined as industries the place 35% or extra of employment depends on U.S. demand for Canadian exports primarily based on the 2023 worth added in exports tables. The class “Men+” contains males, in addition to some non-binary individuals, whereas the class “Women+” contains girls, in addition to some non-binary individuals. Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, 2024.
15 to 24 years	7.2	2.9
25 to 54 years	13.7	5.1
55 years and older	14.9	6.3

Job sorts range by gender—males usually tend to be truck drivers and work within the trades, whereas girls are extra generally in skilled occupations

The kinds of jobs held by men and women working in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports are usually completely different. For instance, in 2024, over one-third (36.1%) of males had been in trades, transport and gear operators and associated occupations. These embrace jobs like truck drivers, technical trades staff and labourers. By comparability, 6.6% of girls had been in that occupational group.

Over the identical interval, girls extra generally labored in enterprise, finance and administration occupations (32.8% of girls versus 8.5% of males) inside industries depending on U.S. demand. These embrace human sources and enterprise service professionals, in addition to finance and administrative-related occupations.

Fewer staff in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports have a postsecondary schooling

In 2024, over 4 in 10 staff in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports (42.0%) had a postsecondary schooling under a bachelor’s diploma, corresponding to a trades certificates or a school diploma. The share was much like that for staff in different industries (39.3%).

By distinction, the next share of individuals working in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports had a highschool diploma or much less (29.4%), in contrast with different industries (22.5%). This means that these jobs could also be extra accessible to staff and not using a postsecondary schooling (Chart 2).

Data desk for Chart 2

Data desk for chart 2

Table abstract
The info is grouped by Highest degree of academic attainment (showing as row headers), Industries depending on U.S. demand and Other industries, calculated utilizing p.c items of measure (showing as column headers).

Highest degree of academic attainment	Industries depending on U.S. demand	Other industries
	p.c
Note: Industries depending on U.S. demand are outlined as industries the place 35% or extra of employment depends on U.S. demand for Canadian exports primarily based on the 2023 worth added in exports tables. Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, 2024.
High faculty diploma or much less	29.4	22.5
Some postsecondary schooling, trades, faculty or certificates under bachelor’s diploma	42.0	39.3
Bachelor’s diploma or increased	28.6	38.2

Another 28.6% of staff in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports had a bachelor’s diploma or increased degree of schooling. This was decrease than the corresponding share for staff in different industries (38.2%).

The academic attainment of staff in each teams of industries has elevated markedly over time.^{Note 5} From 1994 to 2024, the share of staff in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports who had a bachelor’s diploma or increased rose from 10.3% to twenty-eight.6%. The corresponding share in all different industries additionally elevated over the identical interval, from 18.9% to 38.2% (Chart 3 and Chart 4).

Data desk for Chart 3

Data desk for chart 3

Table abstract
The info is grouped by Year (showing as row headers), High faculty diploma or much less, Some postsecondary schooling, trades, faculty or certificates under bachelor’s diploma and Bachelor’s diploma or increased, calculated utilizing p.c items of measure (showing as column headers).

Year	High faculty diploma or much less	Some postsecondary schooling, trades, faculty or certificates under bachelor’s diploma	Bachelor’s diploma or increased
	p.c
Note: Industries depending on U.S. demand are outlined as industries the place 35% or extra of employment depends on U.S. demand for Canadian exports primarily based on the 2023 worth added in exports tables. Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, 1994 to 2024.
1994	54.6	35.1	10.3
1995	52.4	37.1	10.5
1996	51.4	37.9	10.7
1997	49.8	39.4	10.8
1998	48.1	40.3	11.6
1999	48.1	40.0	11.8
2000	47.3	39.5	13.2
2001	45.7	40.9	13.5
2002	45.5	40.7	13.8
2003	43.8	42.1	14.0
2004	43.2	43.1	13.7
2005	43.1	41.6	15.4
2006	42.5	41.5	16.0
2007	40.6	42.5	16.9
2008	40.2	42.9	16.9
2009	39.9	41.8	18.3
2010	38.3	43.7	18.1
2011	39.4	42.6	18.0
2012	38.9	42.6	18.5
2013	38.3	42.2	19.5
2014	37.9	43.6	18.4
2015	37.6	42.8	19.5
2016	36.4	42.8	20.9
2017	36.3	42.4	21.3
2018	35.1	42.5	22.4
2019	34.4	43.0	22.6
2020	33.7	42.3	24.1
2021	32.8	41.8	25.4
2022	32.8	41.5	25.7
2023	32.5	40.9	26.6
2024	29.4	42.0	28.6

Data desk for Chart 4

Data desk for chart 4

Table abstract
The info is grouped by Year (showing as row headers), High faculty diploma or much less, Some postsecondary schooling, trades, faculty or certificates under bachelor’s diploma and Bachelor’s diploma or increased, calculated utilizing p.c items of measure (showing as column headers).

Year	High faculty diploma or much less	Some postsecondary schooling, trades, faculty or certificates under bachelor’s diploma	Bachelor’s diploma or increased
	p.c
Note: Industries depending on U.S. demand are outlined as industries the place 35% or extra of employment depends on U.S. demand for Canadian exports primarily based on the 2023 worth added in exports tables. Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, 1994 to 2024.
1994	41.5	39.6	18.9
1995	40.1	40.7	19.2
1996	39.4	41.2	19.3
1997	37.1	43.0	19.9
1998	36.8	43.1	20.0
1999	36.8	42.8	20.5
2000	36.4	42.8	20.9
2001	35.3	43.3	21.4
2002	34.9	43.6	21.5
2003	33.7	44.3	22.0
2004	33.5	44.2	22.3
2005	33.3	43.4	23.2
2006	33.2	42.9	23.9
2007	32.5	43.3	24.2
2008	31.9	43.6	24.5
2009	31.0	43.7	25.3
2010	30.2	43.7	26.1
2011	29.7	43.8	26.5
2012	29.4	43.2	27.4
2013	29.3	42.8	27.9
2014	29.2	42.4	28.4
2015	28.0	42.4	29.6
2016	27.4	42.2	30.5
2017	27.3	41.8	30.9
2018	26.4	42.2	31.4
2019	25.4	41.9	32.7
2020	24.1	41.0	35.0
2021	23.8	40.3	35.9
2022	24.1	40.1	35.8
2023	23.6	40.2	36.2
2024	22.5	39.3	38.2

Jobs most uncovered to commerce with the United States usually tend to be full-time, everlasting positions with higher-than-average wages

Jobs in industries depending on U.S. demand have above-average wages and usually tend to produce other beneficial job traits, corresponding to permanency and union protection.^{Note 6} These are usually related to increased high quality of employment.

Employees in these industries had been extra usually in everlasting, full-time positions, in contrast with staff in different industries (89.9% versus 75.4%), and had been extra prone to be in a union (or coated by a collective settlement). Among personal sector workers in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports, 19.4% had been coated by a collective settlement in 2024, in contrast with 14.3% of personal sector workers in different industries.

Employees in industries depending on U.S. demand made, on common, 5.9% extra per hour ($37.08) in 2024 than these working in different industries ($35.00). The distinction in common hourly wages was extra pronounced amongst these not coated by a collective settlement, with personal sector workers working in these industries making 13.8% extra per hour ($37.56 versus $33.00) (Chart 5).

Data desk for Chart 5

Data desk for chart 5

Table abstract
This desk shows the outcomes of Data desk for chart 5 Covered by collective settlement and Not coated by collective settlement , calculated utilizing {dollars} items of measure (showing as column headers).

	Covered by collective settlement	Not coated by collective settlement
	{dollars}
Note: Industries depending on U.S. demand are outlined as industries the place 35% or extra of employment depends on U.S. demand for Canadian exports primarily based on the 2023 worth added in exports tables. Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, 2024.
Industries depending on U.S. demand	35.01	37.56
Other industries	31.61	33.00

Employment development in industries depending on U.S. demand has lagged behind different industries

In addition to gaining a greater understanding of the traits of the roles and staff most susceptible to tariff-related commerce uncertainty, you will need to study the impacts that it might be having on the Canadian labour market. Employment in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports has grown at a slower tempo, in contrast with different industries, up to now decade. Compared with the primary quarter of 2016, payroll employment in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports had grown by 2.8% by the second quarter of 2025, whereas employment in different industries had grown by 19.1% (Chart 6).

Data desk for Chart 6

Data desk for chart 6

Table abstract
The info is grouped by Year and quarter (showing as row headers), Employment in industries depending on U.S. demand, Employment in different industries and Employment in different industries, excluding academic companies, well being care and social help, and public administration, calculated utilizing index (Q1 2016 = 0) items of measure (showing as column headers).

Year and quarter	Employment in industries depending on U.S. demand	Employment in different industries	Employment in different industries, excluding academic companies, well being care and social help, and public administration
	index (Q1 2016 = 0)
Notes: Industries depending on U.S. demand are outlined as industries the place 35% or extra of employment depends on U.S. demand for Canadian exports primarily based on the 2023 worth added in exports tables. The base index was set at 0 for the primary quarter (Q1) of 2016. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours, 2016 to 2025.
2016
Q1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Q2	0.8	3.2	3.8
Q3	1.6	3.2	6.3
This autumn	1.7	4.6	5.3
2017
Q1	0.3	2.0	1.8
Q2	2.1	5.1	5.8
Q3	4.2	5.6	8.7
This autumn	4.1	6.9	7.4
2018
Q1	3.5	4.3	3.9
Q2	5.0	7.5	7.8
Q3	5.9	7.6	10.4
This autumn	6.2	9.3	9.5
2019
Q1	4.9	6.8	6.2
Q2	6.1	9.7	9.6
Q3	6.9	9.9	12.3
This autumn	5.9	11.2	11.1
2020
Q1	1.2	6.3	4.7
Q2	-10.1	-8.7	-12.3
Q3	-1.8	-0.2	-0.1
This autumn	1.0	4.0	1.8
2021
Q1	0.2	0.9	-2.5
Q2	1.1	5.0	2.3
Q3	3.2	7.8	8.3
This autumn	4.3	10.8	9.2
2022
Q1	3.4	9.0	6.8
Q2	5.3	13.5	12.5
Q3	7.0	14.0	15.7
This autumn	7.5	15.9	15.0
2023
Q1	4.9	14.0	12.2
Q2	5.7	16.9	16.0
Q3	6.2	17.0	18.2
This autumn	5.7	18.1	16.3
2024
Q1	4.1	15.6	12.8
Q2	4.7	18.5	16.3
Q3	5.7	18.1	18.2
This autumn	5.2	19.3	16.5
2025
Q1	3.0	16.6	13.0
Q2	2.8	19.1	16.2

More lately, payroll employment in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports was down 27,000 jobs (-1.9%) within the second quarter of 2025 from the identical quarter in 2024. By comparability, employment in all different industries elevated over the identical interval (+0.5%), led by development in well being care and social help. Excluding well being care and social help, academic companies, and public administration, payroll employment in industries with much less dependence on U.S. demand edged down barely (-0.1%) from the second quarter of 2024 to the second quarter of 2025.

Labour market tendencies in most areas with excessive reliance on U.S. demand for exports in step with nationwide common

While employment in industries depending on U.S. demand is unfold throughout Canadian provinces and territories, there are a number of financial areas with notably excessive levels of publicity. These financial areas are sometimes in shut proximity to the United States or produce particular export items, like pure sources or manufactured merchandise.

As of the third quarter of 2025, labour markets have been comparatively resilient in most areas with increased proportions of employment in industries depending on U.S. demand. Unemployment charges in these areas have usually remained in line with the nationwide common, with the notable exception of Windsor–Sarnia. Excluding that area, the combination unemployment fee among the many high 15 most dependent financial areas elevated by 0.7 proportion factors from the third quarter of 2024 to the third quarter of 2025, comparable with the rise noticed for the remainder of Canada (+0.5 proportion factors) (Figure 1).

Of all financial areas, the labour market impacts of commerce disruptions with the United States are most evident in Windsor–Sarnia. This financial area is a hub for Canadian auto manufacturing, and different facets of its economic system are strongly built-in with the United States due to its proximity to the border. In April 2025, the United States introduced 25% tariffs on Canadian-made passenger automobiles. Overall, in 2024, an estimated 16.4% of employment in Windsor–Sarnia was in industries depending on U.S. demand for Canadian exports. The unemployment fee on this area elevated to 10.0% within the third quarter of 2025, up 1.7 proportion factors from a yr earlier.

Not all labour markets in areas depending on U.S. commerce skilled impacts in the identical vein as Windsor–Sarnia. For occasion, the financial area of Wood Buffalo–Cold Lake, Alberta, had the best proportion of employment in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports in 2024 (22.9%) (Figure 1). This is basically due to its oil and fuel business. The unemployment fee in Wood Buffalo–Cold Lake within the third quarter of 2025 (7.2%) was little modified from the third quarter of 2024 (7.0%). Centre-du-Québec had the second-highest share of employment in industries dependent on U.S. demand for Canadian exports (18.4%) in 2024 (Figure 1). The unemployment fee on this area was 3.3% within the third quarter of 2025, additionally little modified from a yr prior.

Description for Figure 1

Data desk for determine 1

Table abstract
This desk shows the outcomes of Data desk for determine 1 Proportion of employment in industries depending on U.S. demand, 2024, Unemployment fee, third quarter of 2024, Unemployment fee, third quarter of 2025 and Change yr over yr, calculated utilizing p.c, fee and proportion factors items of measure (showing as column headers).

	Proportion of employment in industries depending on U.S. demand, 2024	Unemployment fee, third quarter of 2024	Unemployment fee, third quarter of 2025	Change yr over yr
	p.c	fee		proportion factors
Note: Statistically vital yr over yr decreases had been recorded in Southern, Nova Scotia. Statistically vital yr over yr will increase had been recorded within the following areas: Windsor–Sarnia, Ontario; Cariboo, British Columbia; Côte-Nord and Nord-du-Québec, Quebec; Northeast, British Columbia; Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec; and in Canada total. Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, 2024 and 2025.
Top 15 financial areas depending on U.S. demand for Canadian exports
Wood Buffalo–Cold Lake, Alberta	22.9	7.0	7.2	0.2
Centre-du-Québec, Quebec	18.4	3.7	3.3	-0.4
Southern, Nova Scotia	17.7	10.9	7.0	-3.9
Banff–Jasper–Rocky Mountain House and Athabasca–Grande Prairie–Peace River, Alberta	17.4	5.1	6.9	1.8
Edmundston–Woodstock, New Brunswick	17.3	5.2	5.2	0.0
Windsor–Sarnia, Ontario	16.4	8.3	10.0	1.7
North Coast and Nechako, British Columbia	14.7	7.8	6.7	-1.1
South Central and North Central, Manitoba	14.3	5.5	5.2	-0.3
Estrie, Quebec	14.1	4.7	5.3	0.6
Cariboo, British Columbia	14.0	5.0	8.7	3.7
Kitchener–Waterloo–Barrie, Ontario	13.7	6.6	7.2	0.6
Côte-Nord and Nord-du-Québec, Quebec	13.4	3.3	5.9	2.6
Northeast, British Columbia	13.3	5.6	8.1	2.5
Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec	12.3	2.8	3.8	1.0
Chaudière-Appalaches, Quebec	12.1	2.5	3.4	0.9
Canada common
Canada common	9.3	6.7	7.3	0.6

Unemployment fee increased in Canada than within the United States and the hole has widened

The extremely built-in nature of the Canadian and U.S. economies signifies that commerce uncertainty and disruptions can have vital impacts on the labour markets of each international locations. By adjusting Canadian information to U.S. ideas, direct comparisons could be made between the labour market conditions in Canada and the United States.^{Note 7}

The unemployment fee in Canada, adjusted to U.S. ideas, has traditionally been increased than within the United States.^{Note 8} Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the Canadian labour market recovered sooner than that of the United States and was marked by record-low unemployment charges and record-high job vacancies.^{Note 9} In this context, the hole between the 2 international locations’ unemployment charges had narrowed to 0.2 proportion factors in June 2022.

From mid-2023 onward, the unemployment fee in Canada started to rise extra sharply, and the hole between the charges within the two international locations widened (Chart 7). As of August 2025, the unemployment fee in Canada (adjusted to U.S. ideas) was 6.0%, 1.7 proportion factors increased than the speed within the United States (4.3%).

Data desk for Chart 7

Data desk for chart 7

Table abstract
The info is grouped by Year and month (showing as row headers), Canada (adjusted to U.S. ideas) and United States, calculated utilizing p.c items of measure (showing as column headers).

Year and month	Canada (adjusted to U.S. ideas)	United States
	p.c
Notes: The Canadian unemployment fee is adjusted to the U.S. unemployment fee idea for comparability. Both sequence are seasonally adjusted. Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, 2019 to 2025; Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, 2019 to 2025.
2019
January	4.7	4.0
February	4.7	3.8
March	4.7	3.8
April	4.6	3.7
May	4.3	3.6
June	4.4	3.6
July	4.6	3.7
August	4.4	3.6
September	4.5	3.5
October	4.5	3.6
November	4.7	3.6
December	4.5	3.6
2020
January	4.5	3.6
February	4.8	3.5
March	7.6	4.4
April	12.4	14.8
May	12.2	13.2
June	10.7	11.0
July	9.4	10.2
August	9.0	8.4
September	7.8	7.8
October	7.7	6.9
November	7.3	6.7
December	7.5	6.7
2021
January	7.6	6.4
February	7.1	6.2
March	6.5	6.1
April	6.9	6.1
May	6.9	5.8
June	6.3	5.9
July	6.1	5.4
August	5.8	5.1
September	5.6	4.7
October	5.0	4.5
November	4.9	4.2
December	4.8	3.9
2022
January	5.2	4.0
February	4.3	3.8
March	4.3	3.7
April	4.3	3.7
May	4.1	3.6
June	3.8	3.6
July	3.9	3.5
August	4.0	3.6
September	4.1	3.5
October	4.1	3.6
November	4.1	3.6
December	4.0	3.5
2023
January	4.1	3.5
February	4.1	3.6
March	4.1	3.5
April	4.1	3.4
May	4.2	3.6
June	4.3	3.6
July	4.6	3.5
August	4.4	3.7
September	4.6	3.8
October	4.8	3.9
November	4.8	3.7
December	4.8	3.8
2024
January	4.8	3.7
February	5.0	3.9
March	5.2	3.9
April	5.2	3.9
May	5.2	4.0
June	5.4	4.1
July	5.4	4.2
August	5.6	4.2
September	5.5	4.1
October	5.7	4.1
November	6.0	4.2
December	5.8	4.1
2025
January	5.6	4.0
February	5.6	4.1
March	5.7	4.2
April	5.8	4.2
May	5.8	4.2
June	5.7	4.1
July	5.8	4.2
August	6.0	4.3

Conclusion

Given the extremely built-in nature of the Canadian and U.S. economies, tariffs imposed by the United States on Canadian exports, and total uncertainty with regard to cross-border commerce, can have far-reaching impacts on the Canadian labour market.

This article has highlighted how sure teams of Canadian staff and sure areas of the nation could also be extra susceptible to commerce disruptions. Workers at increased danger usually tend to be males; maintain full-time, everlasting and unionized positions; earn increased wages; and have decrease ranges of academic attainment.

There is proof that commerce disruptions have had a notable unfavourable affect on the Canadian labour market over the primary three quarters of 2025—employment development in industries depending on U.S. demand for exports has lagged behind that of different industries. Regions with excessive shares of jobs in automotive industries, corresponding to Windsor–Sarnia, have been impacted probably the most. Overall, the unemployment fee in Canada has trended upward, whereas it usually held regular within the United States. As a end result, the hole between the unemployment charges within the two international locations has widened.

At the identical time, the Canadian labour market has proven indicators of resilience. For instance, unemployment charges in lots of areas with excessive reliance on cross-border commerce have held regular or have posted will increase that had been in step with the nationwide common.

In the approaching months, Canada’s labour market will proceed to regulate to this new unsure commerce and financial actuality. Statistics Canada will proceed to observe and report on how this new context is shaping labour market tendencies throughout areas and amongst numerous teams of staff.

Data sources, strategies and definitions

This examine makes use of information from the Labour Force Survey (LFS). The LFS is a family survey of roughly 65,000 households that collects labour market info for over 100,000 people every month.

Data from the Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (SEPH) are additionally used. The SEPH is a month-to-month statistical program primarily based on a census of administrative payroll information, mixed with info from the Business Payrolls Survey.

Industries depending on U.S. demand for exports are outlined as these by which 35% of jobs or extra depend upon U.S. demand, both straight or not directly. The info comes from the latest annual information obtainable within the desk “Value added in exports, by industry, provincial and territorial.” For extra info on these information, see Value-added exports: measurement framework.

References

Bender, Rosemary. 2016. “Measuring Employment and Unemployment in Canada and the United States – a comparison.” Labour Statistics: Technical Papers. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 75-005-M.

Bernard, André and Jeannine Usalcas. 2014. “The Labour Market in Canada and the United States since the Last Recession.” Economic Insights. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-626-X.

Clarke, Sean and Andrew Fields. 2022. “Employment growth in Canada and the United States during the recovery from COVID-19.” Economic and Social Reports. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 36-28-0001.

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Statistics Canada. 2025. Table 12-10-0100-01 Value added in exports, by business, provincial and territorial [Data table].