Europeans’ journey mode selections for accessing inexperienced areas fluctuate by nation, journey traits and socio-demographic group

Access to inexperienced areas (GS) relies upon not solely on proximity, but in addition on how folks journey to them. However, proof on journey mode selections (TMC) for GS visits stays fragmented throughout international locations, limiting comparative understanding of socio-spatial inequalities in GS entry. This research due to this fact supplies pan-European insights into how folks attain GS and the way TMC fluctuate throughout socio-demographic teams and spatial contexts. Using a harmonised, consultant survey of 10,391 residents throughout 33 European international locations, mixed with hierarchical agglomerative clustering and combined multinomial logit modelling, we categorized international locations by modal profiles and explored how TMC have been related to customers’ traits, journey attributes and spatial context. Walking accounted for greater than 60% of GS journeys in a number of international locations, however Europe didn’t observe a single walking-based mannequin. Country-level variations accounted for roughly a 3rd (34%) of the general defined variance – the most important share for biking (44%) and public transport (32%), and the second largest for strolling (27%). GS kind and go to frequency stood out, collectively accounting for roughly 48% of the defined latent variance in TMC. Socio-demographic patterns solely partly mirrored these present in on a regular basis mobility. Integrating TMC into GS accessibility monitoring is important for advancing sustainable mobility and environmental fairness. Policies ought to due to this fact help sustainable entry for numerous teams in comparable spatial contexts.