Essential Hormonal Warning Signs and Life-Saving Lifestyle Shifts for Women Battling Breast Cancer

In a conversation with HT Lifestyle, Dr Bhavisha Ghughare, Consultant – Surgical Oncology and Breast Oncoplastic Surgeon at HCG Cancer Center in Borivali, Mumbai, elaborated, “Hormonal variations in women are a natural aspect of life, manifesting during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. However, some of these variations can indicate early warnings of breast cancer, making it crucial to be vigilant about them. Identifying these indicators early can indeed save lives.”

She continued, “Breast cancer arises when uncontrolled cellular proliferation in the breast forms a tumor capable of spreading to other areas of the body. In this process, estrogen and progesterone have been identified as particularly significant. They regulate the development and structuring of breast tissues; however, when this equilibrium is disrupted, or excessively produced, it leads to abnormal cell growth, increasing the risk of breast cancer.”

Dr Bhavisha Ghughare disclosed, “The normal range of estrogen in a female body should not exceed 30 to 400 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) after the commencement of menstruation, and 0 to 30 pg/mL post-menopause. On the other hand, the levels of progesterone vary throughout the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. Progesterone levels between 2 to 25 nanograms/milliliter (ng/ml) during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and between 10 to 290 ng/mL at various stages of pregnancy are deemed to be normal. However, for testosterone, the levels should not go beyond 15-70 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) or 0.5-2.4 nanomoles per liter (nmol/L). If hormone levels exceed these ranges, seeking medical advice is crucial.”

How can hormonal fluctuations lead to breast cancer?

Dr Bhavisha Ghughare responded, “The female body is continually evolving, and sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are the main drivers of these changes. They produce distinct transformations at different life stages. Although these alterations are normal, there is a possibility that they may elevate the risk of health issues like breast cancer. Women undergo hormonal changes during various significant life phases, including puberty, pregnancy, and menopause.”

While hormonal alterations are essential for the proper functioning of the human body, persistent or excessive fluctuations can heighten the risk of breast cancer in the following ways –

• Hormonal Shifts During Pregnancy: For instance, during pregnancy, the body requires the release of very high levels of progesterone and estrogen throughout gestation to provide the necessary sustenance for the fetus. This is a standard process, yet prolonged exposure to these hormones in large amounts can stimulate the proliferation of breast cells that may become malignant.
• Early Menstrual Cycle Onset and Late Menopause: Similarly, the female body generates steroid hormones such as estrogen during the menstrual cycle, which directly influences breast development and function. The risk of estrogen exposure rises if menstruation begins early or menopause occurs late. This extended exposure augments the likelihood of atypical cell formation in the breast, thereby increasing the chance of developing breast cancer.
• Hormone Replacement Therapy: Moreover, as women near menopause and their bodies struggle to produce sufficient sex hormones, they may require hormone replacement therapy. This can make them more susceptible as these treatments typically introduce synthetic hormones that further disrupt the balance between progesterone and estrogen. Consequently, women receiving hormone therapy to manage menopause symptoms should consult a doctor to assess the benefits and drawbacks.

Dr Bhavisha Ghughare reassured, “Hormonal imbalance is an inevitable aspect of life, but through taking appropriate precautions, women can reduce the likelihood of breast cancer. Women who prioritize their health can understand how hormonal changes may affect their bodies. The most effective approach to achieve a natural hormonal balance is through a healthy lifestyle, achieved through exercise, proper nutrition, and maintaining a healthy weight. Additionally, avoiding alcohol and smoking is crucial as these are known risk factors for breast cancer. Furthermore, women should schedule regular mammograms and conduct self-examinations of their breasts, as early stage detection can enhance survival rates.”

Measures for breast cancer prevention

The variety of treatment options for breast cancer depends on its stage and the timing of its discovery. Dr Bhavisha Ghughare recommended, “Some of these options include radiation therapy, surgery, and hormone therapy. Regular screenings are vital for breast cancer prevention as they provide more treatment avenues upon diagnosis and enhance outcomes. Although the female body will continuously experience hormonal shifts, the majority of risks can be mitigated if women are informed and adopt straightforward preventive measures. Grasping how hormones influence breast cancer risk empowers women to take control of their health decisions.”

She concluded, “Advancements in medical research have illuminated the intricate relationship between female sex hormones and the development of breast cancer. They have also heralded a new era of advanced therapeutic options for treating breast cancer through targeted hormone therapies and tailored medication plans. By furthering our comprehension of the role hormones play in breast cancer development, we have been able to refine therapeutic strategies to enhance treatment outcomes and increase life expectancy for women significantly affected by breast cancer.”

Disclaimer: This article serves solely for informational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor with any inquiries regarding a medical condition.