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- Set to go live in 2028, the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) aims to explore the development of “ghost particles” referred to as neutrinos and antineutrinos.
- This could assist researchers in determining why matter prevailed over antimatter in the nascent universe, while also offering insights into another concept in physics—Large Extra Dimensions (LEDs).
- LEDs may elucidate why gravity is less potent compared to other essential forces of nature, as well as why neutrinos possess such minuscule masses.
While numerous intriguing experiments occur on land or even in space, some of the most captivating scientific work is happening beneath our feet. The world’s leading particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider, is securely situated underground in Geneva, Switzerland. The first laser interferometer in the world, KAGRA, was constructed entirely underground, and its predecessor in gravitational-wave detection, LIGO, similarly has infrastructure buried in the earth.
Nonetheless, arguably the most eagerly awaited underground scientific endeavor is the forthcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). Its name indicates that its principal goal is to examine neutrinos and antineutrinos, often dubbed “ghost particles” due to their notoriously elusive characteristics. DUNE faces substantial challenges, as these particles—in all three “flavors”—each possess a mass billions of times less than that of an electron. Nevertheless, neutrinos and antineutrinos could elucidate why matter triumphed over antimatter at the universe’s inception, resulting in the formation of… well… everything.
Given the magnitude of this project—approximately 800 miles long, to be precise—other discoveries are also within reach. In fact, a recently released study in the Journal of High Energy Physics from the High Energy Physics Center at Chung-Ang University in South Korea suggests that DUNE could illuminate a concept known as Large Extra Dimensions, or LEDs.
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