Preplanned Research: Association Between Early-life Malnutrition and Way of life Behaviors in Later Life Among Rural Aged with Hypertension — Jia County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, China, 2023

The prevalence of life-style behaviors diversified considerably throughout the early malnutrition publicity teams (Figure 1). Compared to the grownup uncovered group, the chance of smoking was considerably larger within the toddler and toddler [odds ratio (OR)=2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.79, 2.64], preschooler (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.69, 2.44), school-aged (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.59, 2.24), and adolescent (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.02) uncovered teams. Similarly, alcohol consumption danger was elevated within the toddler and toddler (OR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.62), preschooler (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.08), school-aged (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.94), and adolescent (OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.78) uncovered teams in comparison with the grownup uncovered group (all P<0.05). Furthermore, the percentages of sustaining a wholesome weight had been considerably decrease within the toddler and toddler (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.59), preschooler (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.62), school-aged (OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.66), and adolescent (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.86) uncovered teams in comparison with the grownup uncovered group, with related patterns noticed for wholesome WC. All OR values confirmed a big lowering development with rising age at publicity (P_{for development} <0.001) (Table 2).

Figure 1. 

Prevalence of wholesome life-style behaviors amongst hypertensive populations with completely different early malnutrition exposures in Jia County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, China, 2023 (n=17,871).

Abbreviation: BMI=physique mass index; WC=waist circumference.

Subgroup evaluation revealed that in contrast with the grownup uncovered group, males within the toddler and toddler (OR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.90, 2.84), preschooler (OR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.77, 2.58), school-aged (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.65, 2.33), and adolescent (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.65, 2.33) uncovered teams had considerably elevated dangers of smoking and alcohol consumption (all P<0.05). No statistically important associations had been noticed between feminine subgroups. Among males, the likelihood of sustaining a wholesome weight was considerably decrease within the toddler and toddler uncovered (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.89), preschooler uncovered (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.82), and school-aged uncovered (OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.82) teams (all P<0.05). Similarly, the likelihood of sustaining a wholesome WC was considerably decrease within the toddler and toddler (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.77), preschooler (OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.74), school-aged (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.74), and adolescent (OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.86) uncovered teams (all P<0.05). In females, the likelihood of sustaining a wholesome weight was equally decrease within the toddler and toddler (OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.48), preschooler (OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.55), school-aged (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.61), and adolescent (OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.84) uncovered teams (all P<0.05). The likelihood of sustaining a wholesome WC was additionally considerably decrease within the toddler and toddler (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.60), preschooler (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.66), school-aged (OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.68), and adolescent (OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.84) uncovered teams (all P<0.05), as proven in Figure 2.

Figure 2. 

Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for wholesome behaviors in hypertensive populations with completely different early malnutrition exposures, stratified by gender, in Jia County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, China, 2023. (A) Male; (B) Female.

Abbreviation: BMI=physique mass index; WC=waist circumference; OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval.

The sensitivity evaluation carried out after excluding populations with diabetes and coronary coronary heart illness yielded outcomes in line with these of the principle evaluation, as introduced in Figure 3.

Figure 3. 

Sensitivity evaluation of the affiliation between early malnutrition publicity and wholesome behaviors in hypertensive populations in Jia County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, 2023. (A) The affiliation between completely different publicity teams and the chance of smoking after excluding members with diabetes; (B) The affiliation between completely different publicity teams and the chance of alcohlol consumption after excluding members with diabetes; (C) The affiliation between completely different publicity teams and the chance of wholesome BMI after excluding members with diabetes; (D) The affiliation between completely different publicity teams and the chance of wholesome WC after excluding members with diabetes; (E) The affiliation between completely different publicity teams and the chance of smoking after excluding members with coronary coronary heart illness; (F) The affiliation between completely different publicity teams and the chance of alcohlol consumption after excluding members with coronary coronary heart illness; (G) The affiliation between completely different publicity teams and the chance of wholesome BMI after excluding members with coronary coronary heart illness; (H) The affiliation between completely different publicity teams and the chance of wholesome WC after excluding members with coronary coronary heart illness.

Abbreviation: BMI=physique mass index; WC=waist circumference; OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval.

* Indicates excluding members with diabetes.

^† Indicates excluding members with coronary coronary heart illness.