Impact of adjusting kick frequency on inter-joint coordination throughout undulatory underwater swimming

Undulatory underwater swimming (UUS) contributes to race efficiency in aggressive swimming, but how inter-joint coordination modifications with kick frequency stays unclear. This research examined the consequences of kick frequency on trunk–hip and hip–knee inter-joint coordination throughout UUS utilizing the Modified Vector Coding Technique. Eight male swimmers carried out UUS trials at 80–120% of their optimum kick frequency, with kinematics captured utilizing three-dimensional underwater movement evaluation. Swimming velocity elevated with kick frequency however plateaued past 100%. The proportion of the hip–knee anti-phase with distal dominance sample ––hip and knee rotating in reverse instructions with better angular displacement on the knee–– elevated with kick frequency, whereas absolutely the durations of this sample per cycle modified little, indicating that the time required for kick reversal remained practically fixed no matter kick frequency. Under high-frequency situations (110% and 120%), preserving the time for kick reversal inside a shortened kick cycle was accompanied by constrained trunk undulation in the course of the late downward kick. These findings counsel that when kick frequency is acutely elevated past the optimum worth, hip–knee reversal time is maintained however trunk undulation is impaired, possible contributing to the plateau in swimming velocity.