This web page was created programmatically, to learn the article in its unique location you’ll be able to go to the hyperlink bellow:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10170-x
and if you wish to take away this text from our web site please contact us
Germonpré, M. et al. Fossil canine and wolves from Palaeolithic websites in Belgium, the Ukraine and Russia: osteometry, historical DNA and steady isotopes. J. Archaeol. Sci. 36, 473–490 (2009).
Germonpré, M., Lázničková-Galetová, M. & Sablin, M. V. Palaeolithic canine skulls on the Gravettian Předmostí web site, the Czech Republic. J. Archaeol. Sci. 39, 184–202 (2012).
Ovodov, N. D. et al. A 33,000-year-old incipient canine from the Altai Mountains of Siberia: proof of the earliest domestication disrupted by the Last Glacial Maximum. PLoS ONE 6, e22821 (2011).
Camarós, E., Münzel, S. C., Cueto, M., Rivals, F. & Conard, N. J. The evolution of Paleolithic hominin–carnivore interplay written in enamel: tales from the Swabian Jura (Germany). J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 6, 798–809 (2016).
Sablin, M. V. & Khlopachev, G. A. The earliest ice age canine: proof from Eliseevichi 1. Curr. Anthropol. 43, 795–799 (2002).
Germonpré, M. et al. The Canis lupus ssp. (Mammalia, Carnivora) of the Baume Traucade (Issirac, Gard, France): an entire skeleton of a ‘dog-like’ particular person from the post-LGM. Quat. Sci. Rev. 356, 109288 (2025).
Vilà, C. et al. Multiple and historical origins of the home canine. Science 276, 1687–1689 (1997).
Feuerborn, T. R. et al. Modern Siberian canine ancestry was formed by a number of thousand years of Eurasian-wide commerce and human dispersal. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2100338118 (2021).
Evin, A. et al. The emergence and diversification of canine morphology. Science 390, 741–744 (2025).
Baird, D. et al. Juniper smoke, skulls and wolves’ tails. The Epipalaeolithic of the Anatolian plateau in its South-west Asian context; insights from Pınarbaşı. Levant 45, 175–209 (2013).
Bello, S. M., Lewis, M. D. & Parfitt, S. A. 125 years of exploration and analysis at Gough’s Cave (Somerset, UK). J. R. Anthropol. Inst. (2025).
Borić, D. et al. Late Mesolithic lifeways and deathways at Vlasac (Serbia). J. Field Archaeol. 39, 4–31 (2014).
Dimitrijević, V. & Vuković, S. Was the canine domestically domesticated within the Danube gorges? Morphometric research of canine cranial stays from 4 Mesolithic-Early Neolithic archaeological websites by comparability with up to date wolves: canine domestication within the Danube gorges Mesolithic. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 25, 1–30 (2015).
Posth, C. et al. Palaeogenomics of higher Palaeolithic to neolithic European hunter-gatherers. Nature 615, 117–126 (2023).
Bello, S. M., Saladié, P., Cáceres, I., Rodríguez-Hidalgo, A. & Parfitt, S. A. Upper Palaeolithic ritualistic cannibalism at Gough’s Cave (Somerset, UK): the human stays from head to toe. J. Hum. Evol. 82, 170–189 (2015).
Marsh, W. A. & Bello, S. Cannibalism and burial within the late Upper Palaeolithic: combining archaeological and genetic proof. Quat. Sci. Rev. 319, 108309 (2023).
Janssens, L. A. A., Boudadi-Maligne, M., Lawler, D. F., O’Keefe, F. R. & van Dongen, S. Morphology-based diagnostics of ‘protodogs.’ A commentary to Galeta et al., 2021, Anatomical Record, 304, 42–62, doi: 10.1002/ar.24500. Anat. Rec. 304, 2673–2684 (2021).
Ameen, C. et al. A landmark-based strategy for assessing the reliability of mandibular tooth crowding as a marker of canine domestication. J. Archaeol. Sci. 85, 41–50 (2017).
Boudadi-Maligne, M. & Escarguel, G. A biometric re-evaluation of current claims for Early Upper Palaeolithic wolf domestication in Eurasia. J. Archaeol. Sci. 45, 80–89 (2014).
Baumann, C. et al. A refined proposal for the origin of canine: the case research of Gnirshöhle, a Magdalenian cave web site. Sci. Rep. 11, 5137 (2021).
Ramos-Madrigal, J. et al. Genomes of Pleistocene Siberian wolves uncover a number of extinct wolf lineages. Curr. Biol. 31, 198–206.e8 (2021).
Bergström, A. et al. Grey wolf genomic historical past reveals a twin ancestry of canine. Nature 607, 313–320 (2022).
Janssens, L. et al. A brand new take a look at an previous canine: Bonn-Oberkassel reconsidered. J. Archaeol. Sci. 92, 126–138 (2018).
Thalmann, O. et al. Complete mitochondrial genomes of historical canids counsel a European origin of home canine. Science 342, 871–874 (2013).
Napierala, H. & Uerpmann, H.-P. A ‘new’ palaeolithic canine from central Europe. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 22, 127–137 (2012).
Hervella, M. et al. The home canine that lived ∼17,000 years in the past within the Lower Magdalenian of Erralla web site (Basque Country): a radiometric and genetic evaluation. J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 46, 103706 (2022).
Boschin, F. et al. The first proof for Late Pleistocene canine in Italy. Sci. Rep. 10, 13313 (2020).
Boudadi-Maligne, M., Mallye, J.-B., Langlais, M. & Barshay-Szmidt, C. Magdalenian canine stays from Le Morin rock-shelter (Gironde, France). Socio-economic implications of a zootechnical innovation. Paléo 23, 39–54, (2012).
Jacobi, R. & Higham, T. in The Ancient Human Occupation of Britain (eds Ashton, N. et al.) 223–248 (Elsevier, 2011).
Currant, A. P. The Late Glacial mammal fauna of Gough’s Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. Proc. of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 17, 286–304 (1986).
Plassais, J. et al. Whole genome sequencing of canids reveals genomic areas below choice and variants influencing morphology. Nat. Commun. 10, 1489 (2019).
Barton, L. et al. Agricultural origins and the isotopic identification of domestication in northern China. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 5523–5528 (2009).
Mashkour, M. et al. Carnivores and their prey within the Wezmeh Cave (Kermanshah, Iran): a Late Pleistocene refuge within the Zagros. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 19, 678–694 (2009).
Scarsbrook, L. Canid identification (CanID) workflow. GitHub (2024).
Ollivier, M. et al. Dogs accompanied people through the Neolithic growth into Europe. Biol. Lett. 14, 20180286 (2018).
Feldman, M. et al. Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a neighborhood origin for the primary farmers of central Anatolia. Nat. Commun. 10, 1218 (2019).
Charlton, S. et al. Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 6, 1658–1668 (2022).
Marginedas, F. et al. New insights of cultural cannibalism amongst Magdalenian teams at Maszycka Cave, Poland. Sci. Rep. 15, 2351 (2025).
Stevens, R. E., Reade, H., Tripp, J., Sayle, Okay. L. & Walker, E. A. in The Beef Behind All Possible Pasts: The Tandem-Festschrift in Honour of Elaine Turner and Martin Street (eds Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S. & Jöris, O.) 589–607 (Propylaeum, 2021).
Barton, R. N. E., Jacobi, R. M., Stapert, D. & Street, M. J. The Late-glacial reoccupation of the British Isles and the Creswellian. J. Quat. Sci. 18, 631–643 (2003).
Jacobi, R. & Higham, T. in Developments in Quaternary Sciences, Vol. 14 (eds Ashton, N., Lewis, S.G., & Stringer, C.) 223–247 (Elsevier, 2011).
Pedersen, J. B., Poulsen, M. E. & Riede, F. Jels 3, a brand new late Palaeolithic open-air web site in Denmark, sheds mild on the pioneer colonization of northern Europe. J. Field Archaeol. 47, 360–378 (2022).
Fu, Q. et al. The genetic historical past of Ice Age Europe. Nature 534, 200–205 (2016).
Bortolini, E. et al. Early Alpine occupation backdates westward human migration in Late Glacial Europe. Curr. Biol. 31, 2484–2493.e7 (2021).
Bello, S. M., Wallduck, R., Parfitt, S. A. & Stringer, C. B. An Upper Palaeolithic engraved human bone related to ritualistic cannibalism. PLoS ONE 12, e0182127 (2017).
Morey, D. F. & Jeger, R. When canine and folks had been buried collectively. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 67, 101434 (2022).
Losey, R. J. et al. Burying canine in historical Cis-Baikal, Siberia: temporal tendencies and relationships with human food plan and subsistence practices. PLoS ONE 8, e63740 (2013).
Larsen, T., Fernandes, R., Wang, Y. V. & Roberts, P. Reconstructing hominin diets with steady isotope evaluation of amino acids: new views and future instructions. Bioscience 72, 618–637 (2022).
O’Connell, T. C. ‘Trophic’ and ‘source’ amino acids in trophic estimation: a possible metabolic rationalization. Oecologia 184, 317–326 (2017).
Chikaraishi, Y. et al. High-resolution meals webs based mostly on nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids. Ecol. Evol. 4, 2423–2449 (2014).
Baumann, C. et al. Dietary area of interest partitioning amongst Magdalenian canids in southwestern Germany and Switzerland. Quat. Sci. Rev. 227, 106032 (2020).
Ollivier, M. et al. Amy2B copy quantity variation reveals starch food plan variations in historical European canine. R. Soc. Open Sci. 3, 160449 (2016).
O’Connell, T. C. in Handbook of Archaeological Sciences (eds Pollard, A. M., Armitage, R. A. & Makarewicz, C. A.) 437–452 (Wiley, 2023).
Lübcker, N., Whiteman, J. P., Newsome, S. D., Millar, R. P. & de Bruyn, P. J. N. Can the carbon and nitrogen isotope values of offspring be used as a proxy for his or her mom’s food plan? Using foetal physiology to interpret bulk tissue and amino acid δ15N values. Conserv. Physiol. 8, coaa060 (2020).
Lin, A. T. et al. The historical past of Coast Salish ‘woolly dogs’ revealed by historical genomics and Indigenous Knowledge. Science 382, 1303–1308 (2023).
Frantz, L. A. F. et al. Genomic and archaeological proof counsel a twin origin of home canine. Science 352, 1228–1231 (2016).
Sinding, M.-H. S. et al. Arctic-adapted canine emerged on the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Science 368, 1495–1499 (2020).
Bergström, A. et al. Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric canine. Science 370, 557–564 (2020).
Fan, Z. et al. Worldwide patterns of genomic variation and admixture in grey wolves. Genome Res. 26, 163–173 (2016).
Pickrell, J. Okay. & Pritchard, J. Okay. Inference of inhabitants splits and mixtures from genome-wide allele frequency knowledge. PLoS Genet. 8, e1002967 (2012).
Nielsen, S. V. et al. Bayesian inference of admixture graphs on Native American and Arctic populations. PLoS Genet. 19, e1010410 (2023).
Botigué, L. R. et al. Ancient European canine genomes reveal continuity because the Early Neolithic. Nat. Commun. 8, 16082 (2017).
Zhang, S.-J. et al. Genomic proof for the Holocene codispersal of canine and people throughout Eastern Eurasia. Science 390, 735–740 (2025).
Marchi, N. et al. The genomic origins of the world’s first farmers. Cell 185, 1842–1859.e18 (2022).
Frantz, L. A. F. et al. Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 17231–17238 (2019).
Park, S. D. E. et al. Genome sequencing of the extinct Eurasian wild aurochs, Bos primigenius, illuminates the phylogeography and evolution of cattle. Genome Biol. 16, 234 (2015).
Scarsbrook, L., Frantz, L. A. F. & Larson, G. in Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, third edn (eds Woodroffe, S., Jones. A, & O’Rouke, D.) 709–718 (Elsevier, 2025).
Lin, A. T., Fairbanks, R. A., Barba-Montoya, J., Liu, H.-L. & Kistler, L. A legacy of genetic entanglement with wolves shapes fashionable canine. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 122, e2421768122 (2025).
Reimer, P. J. et al. The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon 62, 725–757 (2020).
Ramsey, C. B. Radiocarbon calibration and evaluation of stratigraphy: the OxCal Program. Radiocarbon 37, 425–430 (1995).
Ramirez, M. D., Besser, A. C., Newsome, S. D. & McMahon, Okay. W. Meta-analysis of main producer amino acid δ15N values and their affect on trophic place estimation. Methods Ecol. Evol. 12, 1750–1767 (2021).
Longin, R. New technique of collagen extraction for radiocarbon courting. Nature 230, 241–242 (1971).
Styring, A. Okay. et al. Refining human palaeodietary reconstruction utilizing amino acid δ15N values of crops, animals and people. J. Archaeol. Sci. 53, 504–515 (2015).
Dabney, J. et al. Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a Middle Pleistocene cave bear reconstructed from ultrashort DNA fragments. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 15758–15763 (2013).
Meyer, M. & Kircher, M. Illumina sequencing library preparation for extremely multiplexed goal seize and sequencing. Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. 2010, db.prot5448 (2010).
Boessenkool, S. et al. Combining bleach and gentle predigestion improves historical DNA restoration from bones. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 17, 742–751 (2017).
Kemp, B. M. & Smith, D. G. Use of bleach to eradicate contaminating DNA from the floor of bones and enamel. Forensic Sci. Int. 154, 53–61 (2005).
Rohland, N., Glocke, I., Aximu-Petri, A. & Meyer, M. Extraction of extremely degraded DNA from historical bones, enamel and sediments for high-throughput sequencing. Nat. Protoc. 13, 2447–2461 (2018).
Carøe, C. et al. Single-tube library preparation for degraded DNA. Methods Ecol. Evol. 9, 410–419 (2018).
Fellows Yates, J. A. et al. Reproducible, moveable, and environment friendly historical genome reconstruction with nf-core/keen. PeerJ 9, e10947 (2021).
Katoh, Okay. & Standley, D. M. MAFFT a number of sequence alignment software program model 7: enhancements in efficiency and value. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30, 772–780 (2013).
Nguyen, L.-T., Schmidt, H. A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B. Q. IQ-TREE: a quick and efficient stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 32, 268–274 (2015).
Bouckaert, R. et al. BEAST 2: a software program platform for Bayesian evolutionary evaluation. PLoS Comput. Biol. 10, e1003537 (2014).
Rambaut, A., Drummond, A. J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M. A. Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics utilizing Tracer 1.7. Syst. Biol. 67, 901–904 (2018).
Patterson, N., Price, A. L. & Reich, D. Population construction and eigenanalysis. PLoS Genet. 2, e190 (2006).
Meisner, J., Liu, S., Huang, M. & Albrechtsen, A. Large-scale inference of inhabitants construction in presence of missingness utilizing PCA. Bioinformatics 37, 1868–1875 (2021).
Librado, P. & Orlando, L. Struct-f4: a Rcpp bundle for ancestry profile and inhabitants construction inference from f4-statistics. Bioinformatics 38, 2070–2071 (2022).
Lichstein, J. W. Multiple regression on distance matrices: a multivariate spatial evaluation instrument. Plant Ecol. 188, 117–131 (2007).
Alexander, D. H., Novembre, J. & Lange, Okay. Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated people. Genome Res. 19, 1655–1664 (2009).
Alaçamlı, E. et al. READv2: superior and user-friendly detection of organic relatedness in archaeogenomics. Genome Biol. 25, 216 (2024).
Monroy Kuhn, J. M., Jakobsson, M. & Günther, T. Estimating genetic kin relationships in prehistoric populations. PLoS ONE 13, e0195491 (2018).
Mallick, S. et al. The Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR) a curated compendium of historical human genomes. Sci. Data 11, 182 (2024).
Wright, S. Isolation by distance. Genetics 28, 114–138 (1943).
Quilodrán, C. S., Rio, J., Tsoupas, A. & Currat, M. Past human expansions formed the spatial sample of Neanderthal ancestry. Sci. Adv. 9, eadg9817 (2023).
Patterson, N. et al. Ancient admixture in human historical past. Genetics 192, 1065–1093 (2012).
This web page was created programmatically, to learn the article in its unique location you’ll be able to go to the hyperlink bellow:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10170-x
and if you wish to take away this text from our web site please contact us
